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WATER POLITICS

Courtesy of Circle of Blue, a report noting that though three more ratifications are needed before the UN Watercourses Convention has the force of law, advocates assert that four countries are close: Ireland, Tanzania, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam.

The Volta River watershed covers six countries in West Africa including Cote d’Ivoire, which recently ratified a United Nations treaty on transboundary rivers

So far, 31 countries have signed onto a United Nations treaty governing rivers that are shared by two or more countries. After Cote d’Ivoire’s Parliament approved ratification of the treaty last week, the West African nation will soon become the 32nd.

Cote d’Ivoire shares six rivers with its neighbors, including the Volta River, a branch of which forms the country’s northeast border with Ghana. Cote d’Ivoire is the third country this year — along with Montenegro and Niger — to ratify the treaty, commonly known as the UN Watercourses Convention.

There are 276 river basins that cross international boundaries, but less than half are managed under formal agreements.

To have the force of law, the treaty, which was approved by the United Nations in 1997, needs at least 35 signatories. Only those countries that have ratified the convention will be bound by its principles, which include ecosystem protection, equitable use of the waters, and the sharing of data and information about planned projects.

First Of Its Kind

Back in July 2010, the United Nations General Assembly declared drinking water and sanitation to be undeniable human rights; the Watercourses Convention, however, is the only UN treaty to address shared rivers.

Ireland, Tanzania, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam could be next to sign on, making 36 signatories, which is more than enough.

Progress on the transboundary treaty stagnated in the early 2000s but accelerated after 2006, when the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), a major conservation group, took up the cause.

“Most of our priority places for conservation are drained by international watercourses,” explained Flavia Loures, WWF’s point person for the watercourses initiative, in an interview with Circle of Blue last year. “A lack of cooperation between countries over water resources was preventing us from achieving our goals.”

Four More

Several other countries are close to ratifying the treaty, according to Green Cross International, an organization founded by former Soviet Union president Mikhail Gorbachev in 1993 to address global poverty and environmental protection. Green Cross joined WWF as an advocate for the UN Watercourses Convention in 2006.

Marie-Laure Vercambre, director of Green Cross’s Water for Life and Peace Program, specifically named two countries in Europe, one in Asia, and another in Africa.

“The United Kingdom has completed its own national process, and Ireland should do so soon. The UK and Ireland have been coordinating closely on this,” Vercambre wrote in an email to Circle of Blue. “Tanzania and Vietnam are also very advanced in their national processes. [Four more countries] is more than is needed for entry into force. Therefore, we are contemplating imminent entry into force.”