WATER POLITICS

Devastating floods across Pakistan this summer have resulted in more than 1,400 lives lost and one-third of the country being under water.

This raises the question: which nations and their populations are the most vulnerable to the risk of flooding around the world?

Using data from a recent study published in Nature, this graphic maps flood risk around the world, highlighting the 1.81 billion people directly exposed to 1-in-100 year floods. The methodology takes into account potential risks from both inland and coastal flooding.

Asian Countries Most at Risk from Rising Water Levels

Not surprisingly, countries with considerable coastlines, river systems, and flatlands find themselves with high percentages of their population at risk.

The Netherlands and Bangladesh are the only two nations in the world to have more than half of their population at risk due to flooding, at 59% and 58%, respectively. Vietnam (46%), Egypt (41%), and Myanmar (40%) round out the rest of the top five nations.

Besides the Netherlands, only two other European nations are in the top 20 nations by percentage of population at risk, Austria (18th at 29%) and Albania (20th at 28%).

Rank	Country	Flood risk, by population exposed (%)	Total population exposed
#1	?? Netherlands	58.7%	10,100,000
#2	?? Bangladesh	57.5%	94,424,000
#3	?? Vietnam	46.0%	45,504,000
#4	?? Egypt	40.5%	38,871,000
#5	?? Myanmar	39.9%	19,104,000
#6	?? Laos	39.7%	2,985,000
#7	?? Cambodia	38.1%	7,431,000
#8	?? Guyana	37.9%	276,000
#9	?? Suriname	37.7%	233,000
#10	?? Iraq	36.8%	16,350,000
#11	?? Thailand	33.9%	25,431,000
#12	?? South Sudan	32.5%	5,437,000
#13	?? Pakistan	31.1%	71,786,000
#14	?? Nepal	29.4%	11,993,000
#15	?? Republic of the Congo	29.3%	1,170,000
#16	?? Philippines	29.0%	30,483,000
#17	?? Japan	28.7%	36,060,000
#18	?? Austria	27.8%	2,437,000
#19	?? India	27.7%	389,816,000
#20	?? Albania	27.6%	771,000
#21	?? China	27.5%	394,826,000
#22	?? Chad	27.4%	4,547,000
#23	?? Indonesia	27.0%	75,696,000
#24	?? Croatia	26.9%	1,094,000
#25	?? Slovakia	26.7%	1,401,000

The Southeast Asia region alone makes up more than two-thirds of the global population exposed to flooding risk at 1.24 billion people.

China and India account for 395 million and 390 million people, respectively, with both nations at the top in terms of the absolute number of people at risk of rising water levels. The rest of the top five countries by total population at risk are Bangladesh (94 million people at risk), Indonesia (76 million people at risk), and Pakistan (72 million people at risk).

How Flooding is Already Affecting Countries Like Pakistan

While forecasted climate and natural disasters can often take years to manifest, flooding affected more than 100 million people in 2021. Recent summer floods in Pakistan have continued the trend in 2022.

With 31% of its population (72 million people) at risk of flooding, Pakistan is particularly vulnerable to floods.

In 2010, floods in Pakistan were estimated to have affected more than 18 million people. The recent floods, which started in June, are estimated to have affected more than 33 million people as more than one-third of the country is submerged underwater.

The Cost of Floods Today and in the Future

Although the rising human toll is by far the biggest concern that floods present, they also bring with them massive economic costs. Last year, droughts, floods, and storms caused economic losses totaling $224.2 billion worldwide, nearly doubling the 2001-2020 annual average of $117.8 billion.

A recent report forecasted that water risk (caused by droughts, floods, and storms) could eat up $5.6 trillion of global GDP by 2050, with floods projected to account for 36% of these direct losses.

As both human and economic losses caused by floods continue to mount, nations around the world will need to focus on preventative infrastructure and restorative solutions for ecosystems and communities already affected and most at risk of flooding.