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January 24th, 2011
Via Terra Daily, an interesting article on a new report suggesting that water scarcity in the Middle East can be the catalyst for reducing, rather than causing, conflict in the volatile region. As the article notes:
“…The report entitled “The Blue Peace: Rethinking Middle East Water,” issued by the Carnegie Middle East Center, suggests that a radical “paradigm shift” is needed to change how these states view the political and environmental issues at the core of the water crisis, a region-wide approach rather than the piecemeal, largely bilateral, efforts made so far that have achieve almost nothing.
“It is possible… to anticipate conflict between countries due to disagreements over shared water resources,” the report observed. “Indeed conventional thinking about water in the Middle East tends to be pessimistic and alarmist.
“The challenge is to rethink water in the Middle East, to treat it as an opportunity for peace and development,” the Carnegie Middle East Center declared.
The report focuses primarily on Isreal, the Palestinian Territories, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq and Turkey, a choice “governed by the potential of opportunities to rethink water.”
The purpose is to develop “a common political framework for the future, for sustainable management of water resources across several basins and not a negotiating platform for dividing water resources in any individual basin or aquifer.”
The report, released Thursday in Beirut, envisions these states establishing a monitoring system through which they can collaborate and determine a more equitable sharing of water resources in the region.
The report said river flows in Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Lebanon and Jordan have been depleted by 50-90 percent in the last half century. The flow of the Jordan River, a primary water source for five of these countries, has decreased 90 percent since 1960.
“This is a serious problem,” declared Sundeep Waslekar, president of the Strategic Foresight Group, which coordinated the report.
With consumption rates expected to rise to 50-60 percent over the next decade, on top of a constant rise over the last 50 years, immense pressure will be on ever-shrinking supplies, he warned.
Fadi Comair, a Lebanese who is president of the Mediterranean Network of River Basin Organizations, said that the “hydro-diplomacy” outlined in the report has the potential to reduce the risk of conflict between riparian states that is likely to increase, “especially in the Middle East.”
Lebanon and Syria have made moves to share water from the Orontes and Nahr al-Kabir rivers but Turkey and Israel have refused to sign on to an important U.N. convention on interstate rivers.
A major dam-building program by Turkey has cut the flow of the Euphrates River through Syria and Iraq, where it runs to the Persian Gulf, causing serious cuts in water supplies in the downstream states.
Five years of drought have intensified the problem. Climate change, the continued decline in rainfall and higher rates of evaporation due to rising temperatures indicate critical shortages in the not-so-distant future.
The crisis is most acute in the Israeli-occupied Palestinian Territories, the report said. The Mountain Aquifer which feeds the West Bank has shrunk 7 percent since 1993, while the Western Galilee Aquifer is down 15-20 percent.
As a result, calculations made during the 1993-94 Oslo Accords between the Palestinians and Israel and used in peace negotiations “need to be revised downward to provide a realistic formula for water-sharing between Israel and the future Palestinian state.”
Water appropriation has created a “high stress situation” where the average Palestinian exists on less than 30 liters of fresh water daily, Comair said. Lebanese and Jordanians get 60 a day. Israelis, who tap into the Palestinian aquifers, have 350 daily.
“While short-term solutions will depend on the current political and environmental dynamics, medium-term and long-term solutions can be crafted, taking into account possibilities that may seem impossible today,” the report concluded.
“Relations between some of the countries in the broader region have undergone fundamental changes in the last two years. It would be naïve to assume that the political dynamics of 2011 will remain static until 2016 or 2021…
“It would, therefore, be useful to consider strategies that are not trapped in the existing political and environmental prism.”